timeline

Timeline of

Gotland & the Sternewarte Covenant

• 6000 BC The first known people on Gotland.

• 3200 BC Gotlands oldest historical monuments, the astronomical calendars, in the shape of grooves appear.

• 500 BC. Gotlandic graves in Estonia, which have been interpreted as Gotlandic trading colonies. One must imagine the Gotlandic traders during the younger bronze age travelling east and southeast of the Baltic. This is also the main period for the ship graves.

• 50 BC. Gotland is pretty alone in Scandinavia with cultural boom of La Téne type artifacts. The contact with the celts is obvious.

• 98 AD. Roman authors write about the mighty people in the Baltic. The Gutar have at that point in time many contacts with the Romans. Among other things the Gotlandic picture stones originate from that time and are cut with roman tools. Also the big houses (kämpgravar), the largest measures 67x11 metres, are roman.

• 4th century. The Gothic missionary Wulfila translates the bible to the Gothic (Gotlandic) language and creates at the same time a written Gothic language.

• 6th century. According to Gutasagan and Beowulf the Gutar are in war with many kings, especially the Svear, who at that time immigrated to the Lake Mälar district. According to Gutasagan the Gutar always kept victory and their right. The wedder (vädur) is the sign of the Gutar.

• 550 A.D. Avair Strabain makes a trade treaty with the Svear which is of mutual benefit. Gotland is a much older state than Sweden and seems from that time to have been a republic.

• 7th century. The Gutar have trade colonies on the east coast of the Baltic viz. Truso and Grobin.

• 611 A.D. Perfugium ex Astrologus is founded. It is a small collective of astrologers that meet in northern Europe yearly.

• 629 A.D. Appearance of the Koran.

• 638 A.D. Jerusalem falls to the Muslims.

• 647-678 A.D. Perfugium ex Astrologus attracts many followers with the gift. It becomes a collective of Magi astrologers with only a few members that are mundane.

• 731 A.D. Bonisagus is born.

• 738 A.D. Merinitia is born.

• 767 A.D. The twelve original magi found the Order of Hermes in the Black Forest of Germany, at Durenmar.

• 787-793 A.D. The Phoney War: Flambeau exterminates a non-Hermetic Order of pacifist Magi, the Order of Roke.

• 794 A.D. Following the Phoney War the Perfugium ex Astologus fears for their safety and begins to keep themselves out of the eyes of the Order of Hermes.

• 797 A.D. Death of Flambeau, the first Founder to die.

• 9th Century House Tremere rules the Order like a dictatorship.

• 800 A.D. (Grand Tribunal) Certámen is adopted as an official means of resolving disputes. Quendalon, Primus of Merinita, takes full control of House Merinita, changing its specialty from nature magic to faerie magic.

• 800-975 A.D. The majority of the silver hordes found in Scandinavia come from Gotland, which indicates vast trade relations with the Islamic empire over the Russian rivers. Adam of Bremen writes in his history that Birka, was a Gotlandic town located in the middle of the land of Svear.

• 824 A.D.

• 844-877 A.D. The Reign of Rhodri Mawr (Rhodri the Great) In 844 Rhodri ap Merfyn became king only of Gwynedd, but by the time of his death in 877, he had united all of Wales under his rule. In 856, Rhodri killed the Viking leader the "black pagan" Horme, restricting Danish occupation of Wales to a few scattered ports and trading posts (Norse names survive at Llandudno (the Great Orme); Swansea (Sweyn's Ey) and some small islands in the Bristol Channel.

• 848 A.D. Tremere, the last remaining Founder, attempts to seize control of the Order, but is stopped by a band of unidentified Magi.

• 848 A.D. Sternewarte becomes the head observatory in the secret society of astrologers (Perfugium ex Astrologus).

• 855 A.D. Death of Tremere.

• 897 AD. Visby is founded

• 899 A.D. A group of unidentified Magi break the Tremere in "The Sundering"

• 950 A.D. Europe falls into the "Dark Ages".

• 950-980 A.D. The Second Moloch War, a.k.a. the Hellspawn War.

• 982 A.D. Viking raids on the coasts of Dorset, Portland and South Wales.

• 985 A.D. Albucasis, "al-Tasrif," a manual on surgical practice that becomes the standard works on

the subject for centuries. Vladimir, Prince of Kiev, is converted to Christianity by missionaries from Byzantium.

• 990 AD. The Norwegian king Olof Tryggvason plunders the coasts of Gotland.

• 990-999 A.D. The prima and several leaders of House Tytalus are found to be diabolists and are tried and executed. This increases the Order's fear of devils and increases the suspicion in Magi - particularly of house Tytalus. This is considered the precursor to the Schism War - which is just about to erupt...

• 1000 A.D. "Beowulf" the epic is written in Old English. Erik Jarl pirate in the Baltic. Stavar the great killed at Sandesrum in Grötlingbo.

• 1003-1012 A.D. The Schism War.

• 1003 A.D. House Tremere declares Wizard's War against House Díedne.

• 1004 A.D. House Flambeau also declares Wizard's War against House Díedne.

• 1005 A.D. (Tribunal) The Quaesitors produce evidence that House Díedne has committed diabolism and Renounce the entire House.

• 1006 A.D. By now the war has spread to every House, an uncontrollable free-for-all of old grudges and petty feuding.

• 1007 AD. Olof Haraldsson (later as Christian called Olof the holy) plunders Gotland and stays over the winter 1007-1008. The Bulverket in Tingstäde Lake is probably built at that time. Bulverket boat, Gotland. This is the largest of three boats found in the Tingstäde Träsk Lake. It's clinker built with one mast, 8 m long, and dendro dated to the 1130s pine from Bulverket, a medieval defence construction in the middle of lake Tingstäde In the Tingstäde Träsk Lake on Gotland, there is a large prehistoric fortification built on poles. the boat timbers, three frames were found that were from the same boat. The strange thing is that it seems that these frames had been cut, so apparently the boat was intentionally destroyed before sinking.

• 1010 A.D. Firdwasi, "Shah-nama(The Book of Kings)," presented to Mahmud of Ghazni

• 1012 A.D. The remainder of the Díedne and their allies are slain in the Tempest, the final battle of the Schism War. (Tribunal) The Schism War is declared to be at an end. The Quaesitors declare a general amnesty for actions taken during the war.

• 1013 A.D. The Battle of Clontarf ends and the Norse rule Ireland.

• 1014 A.D. The final hostilities of the Schism War cease.

• 1018 A.D. The Hebrew War: the Order of Hermes encounters Jewish Kabbalists for the first time, and immediately makes war upon them. In 1019, a perpetual truce is agreed and set out in the Treaty of Barcelona.

• 1028 A.D. Avicenna, "Canon of Medicine," an influential manual on medicine.

• 1030 AD. Olof Haraldsson, now a converted Christian, visits Gotland on his way from Novgorod to Stiklastad where he dies in battle. It is probably this trip that is mentioned in the Gutasaga.

• 1045 A.D. El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz), the Spanish National Hero is born (d. 1099).

•

• 1046 A.D. The Council of Sutri begins church reform.

• 1049-1054 Reign of Pope Leo IX; he will bring extensive reforms.

• 1053 A.D. Robert Guiscard conquers Southern Italy and founds a Norman Empire there.

• 1054 A.D. Continuing deterioration of relations between the Eastern and Western churches. Cardinal Humbert and Patriarch Michel Cerularius exchange enmity and anathemas.

• 1059 A.D. Pope Nicolas II decrees that all papal elections must be made by the cardinals.

• 1073-1086 Reign of Pope Gregory VII. His reign will be marked by his struggle with Emperor Henry IV.

• 1074 A.D. Excommunication of married priests.

• 1075 A.D. The Investiture controversy begins between the Holy Roman Empire and the papacy.

• 1076 A.D. Gregory is declared deposed by the Council of Worms; the pope however, deposes the Emperor. Challenged by German bishops at the Synod of Worms, he dethrones and excommunicates Henry IV; Henry is absolved the next year.

• 1077 A.D. Emperor Henry IV does penance at Canosa. (He will be excommunicated again in 1080, and his struggle with the papacy will continue for years).

• 1078 A.D. Beginning the building of the Tower of London (completed 1300).

• 1080 A.D. Henry IV is again deposed and excommunicated.

• 1081 A.D. Henry IV marches into Italy.

• 1083 A.D. Henry IV storms Rome.

• 1084 A.D. The Carthusian order is founded by Bruno.

• 1086 A.D. the Doomsday Book is complied (supposedly a British survey of assessment for taxes)

• 1096 A.D. The Crusades begin, following an appeal by Pope Urban II to free the Holy Places. (Grand Tribunal) The Levant is recognized as the 13th Tribunal.

• 12th century. The Gutar seem to completely dominate the trade in the Baltic. The richness is shown in a massive church and house building.

• 1117-24 A.D. The Shaman War: Shamans and shape shifters ambush and slay several Hermetic Magi on their way to Tribunal. Only Magi of Houses Flambeau, Merinita and Tremere are targeted.

• 1119 A.D. Deunan ex Flambeau rescues her amicus, Cedar ex Flambeau, captured in the first wave of attacks. Cedar's knowledge of the shamans' tactics and strength proves crucial.

• 1123 A.D. (Winter Solstice) The Winter March: Bullatus, Primus of Guernicus, leads a strike force of over 70 Magi, including every surviving Hoplite, against the shamans' primary stronghold (located in the spirit world). More than half the shamans and shape shifters involved are slain, at the cost of 22 Magi. (Autumn Equinox) Gwyntar ex Bonisagus and Deunan ex Flambeau invent the "Aegis against Shamans", which is immediately circulated throughout the Order.

• 1124 A.D. (Summer) The Battle of Thórr's Knoll: the last battle of the Shaman War, fought in the Schwarzwald. (Autumn) Negotiated peace terms are set out in the Treaty of Oonai.

• 1126 A.D. Gratian ex Flambeau, the most senior surviving Hoplite, leads a mass resignation from the Hoplite Order.

• 1139-41 A.D. The Third Moloch War, a.k.a. the First Arkhome War.

• 1140´s. A.D. The Gutar start their own coins. The Gotlandic coins had apparently a very good reputation and can be found in all parts of Scandinavia.

• 1148 A.D. Simprin ex Guernicus founds the Transitionalist Faction within the Quaesitors.

• 1158 A.D. Last apparent sighting of Merinita, whom legend says is still living in the wilderness she loves.

• 1161 AD. In order to be allowed to continue to trade in the German areas, as the Gutar had been doing of old, they had to accept German traders to trade on Gotland. After the Artlenburg peace treaty, between Gotland and

Saxonia, German traders were allowed to settle on Gotland, the capital city Visby (according to the tradition founded in 897) became the main port.

• 1164 AD. Guthnalia, the Cistercierser monastery was established in Roma.

• 1173 A.D. The fall of Kiev, the second greatest city in Christendom.

• 1194-97 A.D. The Fourth Moloch War, a.k.a. the Second Arkhome War. In 1197, Marie-Claire, Primus of Guernicus, dies in the last battle of the war.

• 1198 A.D. Pope Innocent III assumes office.

• 1203-04 A.D. The Fourth Crusade captures and sacks Constantinople, the greatest city in Christendom.

• 1209 A.D. The Albigensian Crusade ravages the Languedoc.

• 1250´s. A.D. Gotlandic traders help Birger Jarl build a new trading place named Stockholm.

• 1288 AD. Civil war between Visby and the Gotlandic republic. Visby becomes an independent city republic.

• 1313 AD. The Swedish king Birger tries to invade Gotland but is beaten and captured at Röcklinge backar.

• 1358 AD. The Hanseatic league is formed. The power balance in the Baltic moves from Gotland to the Hanseatic league.

• 1361 AD. Valdemar Atterdag invades Gotland. He accepts a fee for not plundering Visby but plunders heavily on southern Gotland.

• 1391 AD. Mecklenburgian pirates create a foothold on Gotland. The 15th century, until Sören Norby leaves Visborgs castle in 1526 to the Danish king, is an unquiet period. From 1530 Gotland becomes a substate ruled by the Danish king. In spite of this the Gotlandic republic continues to be the main force until 1618 when it is illegally abolished by an unlawful decree.

• 6000 BC The first known people on Gotland. • 3200 BC Gotlands oldest historical monuments, the astronomical calendars, in the shape of grooves appear. • 500 BC. Gotlandic graves in Estonia, which have been interpreted as Gotlandic trading colonies. One must imagine the Gotlandic traders during the younger bronze age travelling east and southeast of the Baltic. This is also the main period for the ship graves. • 50 BC. Gotland is pretty alone in Scandinavia with cultural boom of La Téne type artifacts. The contact with the celts is obvious. • 98 AD. Roman authors write about the mighty people in the Baltic. The Gutar have at that point in time many contacts with the Romans. Among other things the Gotlandic picture stones originate from that time and are cut with roman tools. Also the big houses (kämpgravar), the largest measures 67x11 metres, are roman. • 4th century. The Gothic missionary Wulfila translates the bible to the Gothic (Gotlandic) language and creates at the same time a written Gothic language. • 6th century. According to Gutasagan and Beowulf the Gutar are in war with many kings, especially the Svear, who at that time immigrated to the Lake Mälar district. According to Gutasagan the Gutar always kept victory and their right. The wedder (vädur) is the sign of the Gutar. • 550 A.D. Avair Strabain makes a trade treaty with the Svear which is of mutual benefit. Gotland is a much older state than Sweden and seems from that time to have been a republic. • 7th century. The Gutar have trade colonies on the east coast of the Baltic viz. Truso and Grobin. • 611 A.D. Perfugium ex Astrologus is founded. It is a small collective of astrologers that meet in northern Europe yearly. • 629 A.D. Appearance of the Koran. • 638 A.D. Jerusalem falls to the Muslims. • 647-678 A.D. Perfugium ex Astrologus attracts many followers with the gift. It becomes a collective of Magi astrologers with only a few members that are mundane. • 731 A.D. Bonisagus is born. • 738 A.D. Merinitia is born. • 767 A.D. The twelve original magi found the Order of Hermes in the Black Forest of Germany, at Durenmar.		• 787-793 A.D. The Phoney War: Flambeau exterminates a non-Hermetic Order of pacifist Magi, the Order of Roke. • 794 A.D. Following the Phoney War the Perfugium ex Astologus fears for their safety and begins to keep themselves out of the eyes of the Order of Hermes. • 797 A.D. Death of Flambeau, the first Founder to die. • 9th Century House Tremere rules the Order like a dictatorship. • 800 A.D. (Grand Tribunal) Certámen is adopted as an official means of resolving disputes. Quendalon, Primus of Merinita, takes full control of House Merinita, changing its specialty from nature magic to faerie magic. • 800-975 A.D. The majority of the silver hordes found in Scandinavia come from Gotland, which indicates vast trade relations with the Islamic empire over the Russian rivers. Adam of Bremen writes in his history that Birka, was a Gotlandic town located in the middle of the land of Svear. • 824 A.D. • 844-877 A.D. The Reign of Rhodri Mawr (Rhodri the Great) In 844 Rhodri ap Merfyn became king only of Gwynedd, but by the time of his death in 877, he had united all of Wales under his rule. In 856, Rhodri killed the Viking leader the "black pagan" Horme, restricting Danish occupation of Wales to a few scattered ports and trading posts (Norse names survive at Llandudno (the Great Orme); Swansea (Sweyn's Ey) and some small islands in the Bristol Channel. • 848 A.D. Tremere, the last remaining Founder, attempts to seize control of the Order, but is stopped by a band of unidentified Magi. • 848 A.D. Sternewarte becomes the head observatory in the secret society of astrologers (Perfugium ex Astrologus). • 855 A.D. Death of Tremere. • 897 AD. Visby is founded • 899 A.D. A group of unidentified Magi break the Tremere in "The Sundering" • 950 A.D. Europe falls into the "Dark Ages". • 950-980 A.D. The Second Moloch War, a.k.a. the Hellspawn War. • 982 A.D. Viking raids on the coasts of Dorset, Portland and South Wales. • 985 A.D. Albucasis, "al-Tasrif," a manual on surgical practice that becomes the standard works on
the subject for centuries. Vladimir, Prince of Kiev, is converted to Christianity by missionaries from Byzantium. • 990 AD. The Norwegian king Olof Tryggvason plunders the coasts of Gotland. • 990-999 A.D. The prima and several leaders of House Tytalus are found to be diabolists and are tried and executed. This increases the Order's fear of devils and increases the suspicion in Magi - particularly of house Tytalus. This is considered the precursor to the Schism War - which is just about to erupt... • 1000 A.D. "Beowulf" the epic is written in Old English. Erik Jarl pirate in the Baltic. Stavar the great killed at Sandesrum in Grötlingbo. • 1003-1012 A.D. The Schism War. • 1003 A.D. House Tremere declares Wizard's War against House Díedne. • 1004 A.D. House Flambeau also declares Wizard's War against House Díedne. • 1005 A.D. (Tribunal) The Quaesitors produce evidence that House Díedne has committed diabolism and Renounce the entire House. • 1006 A.D. By now the war has spread to every House, an uncontrollable free-for-all of old grudges and petty feuding. • 1007 AD. Olof Haraldsson (later as Christian called Olof the holy) plunders Gotland and stays over the winter 1007-1008. The Bulverket in Tingstäde Lake is probably built at that time. Bulverket boat, Gotland. This is the largest of three boats found in the Tingstäde Träsk Lake. It's clinker built with one mast, 8 m long, and dendro dated to the 1130s pine from Bulverket, a medieval defence construction in the middle of lake Tingstäde In the Tingstäde Träsk Lake on Gotland, there is a large prehistoric fortification built on poles. the boat timbers, three frames were found that were from the same boat. The strange thing is that it seems that these frames had been cut, so apparently the boat was intentionally destroyed before sinking. • 1010 A.D. Firdwasi, "Shah-nama(The Book of Kings)," presented to Mahmud of Ghazni • 1012 A.D. The remainder of the Díedne and their allies are slain in the Tempest, the final battle of the Schism War. (Tribunal) The Schism War is declared to be at an end. The Quaesitors declare a general amnesty for actions taken during the war. • 1013 A.D. The Battle of Clontarf ends and the Norse rule Ireland. • 1014 A.D. The final hostilities of the Schism War cease. • 1018 A.D. The Hebrew War: the Order of Hermes encounters Jewish Kabbalists for the first time, and immediately makes war upon them. In 1019, a perpetual truce is agreed and set out in the Treaty of Barcelona.		• 1028 A.D. Avicenna, "Canon of Medicine," an influential manual on medicine. • 1030 AD. Olof Haraldsson, now a converted Christian, visits Gotland on his way from Novgorod to Stiklastad where he dies in battle. It is probably this trip that is mentioned in the Gutasaga. • 1045 A.D. El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz), the Spanish National Hero is born (d. 1099). • • 1046 A.D. The Council of Sutri begins church reform. • 1049-1054 Reign of Pope Leo IX; he will bring extensive reforms. • 1053 A.D. Robert Guiscard conquers Southern Italy and founds a Norman Empire there. • 1054 A.D. Continuing deterioration of relations between the Eastern and Western churches. Cardinal Humbert and Patriarch Michel Cerularius exchange enmity and anathemas. • 1059 A.D. Pope Nicolas II decrees that all papal elections must be made by the cardinals. • 1073-1086 Reign of Pope Gregory VII. His reign will be marked by his struggle with Emperor Henry IV. • 1074 A.D. Excommunication of married priests. • 1075 A.D. The Investiture controversy begins between the Holy Roman Empire and the papacy. • 1076 A.D. Gregory is declared deposed by the Council of Worms; the pope however, deposes the Emperor. Challenged by German bishops at the Synod of Worms, he dethrones and excommunicates Henry IV; Henry is absolved the next year. • 1077 A.D. Emperor Henry IV does penance at Canosa. (He will be excommunicated again in 1080, and his struggle with the papacy will continue for years). • 1078 A.D. Beginning the building of the Tower of London (completed 1300). • 1080 A.D. Henry IV is again deposed and excommunicated. • 1081 A.D. Henry IV marches into Italy. • 1083 A.D. Henry IV storms Rome. • 1084 A.D. The Carthusian order is founded by Bruno. • 1086 A.D. the Doomsday Book is complied (supposedly a British survey of assessment for taxes) • 1096 A.D. The Crusades begin, following an appeal by Pope Urban II to free the Holy Places. (Grand Tribunal) The Levant is recognized as the 13th Tribunal.
• 12th century. The Gutar seem to completely dominate the trade in the Baltic. The richness is shown in a massive church and house building. • 1117-24 A.D. The Shaman War: Shamans and shape shifters ambush and slay several Hermetic Magi on their way to Tribunal. Only Magi of Houses Flambeau, Merinita and Tremere are targeted. • 1119 A.D. Deunan ex Flambeau rescues her amicus, Cedar ex Flambeau, captured in the first wave of attacks. Cedar's knowledge of the shamans' tactics and strength proves crucial. • 1123 A.D. (Winter Solstice) The Winter March: Bullatus, Primus of Guernicus, leads a strike force of over 70 Magi, including every surviving Hoplite, against the shamans' primary stronghold (located in the spirit world). More than half the shamans and shape shifters involved are slain, at the cost of 22 Magi. (Autumn Equinox) Gwyntar ex Bonisagus and Deunan ex Flambeau invent the "Aegis against Shamans", which is immediately circulated throughout the Order. • 1124 A.D. (Summer) The Battle of Thórr's Knoll: the last battle of the Shaman War, fought in the Schwarzwald. (Autumn) Negotiated peace terms are set out in the Treaty of Oonai. • 1126 A.D. Gratian ex Flambeau, the most senior surviving Hoplite, leads a mass resignation from the Hoplite Order. • 1139-41 A.D. The Third Moloch War, a.k.a. the First Arkhome War. • 1140´s. A.D. The Gutar start their own coins. The Gotlandic coins had apparently a very good reputation and can be found in all parts of Scandinavia. • 1148 A.D. Simprin ex Guernicus founds the Transitionalist Faction within the Quaesitors. • 1158 A.D. Last apparent sighting of Merinita, whom legend says is still living in the wilderness she loves. • 1161 AD. In order to be allowed to continue to trade in the German areas, as the Gutar had been doing of old, they had to accept German traders to trade on Gotland. After the Artlenburg peace treaty, between Gotland and		Saxonia, German traders were allowed to settle on Gotland, the capital city Visby (according to the tradition founded in 897) became the main port. • 1164 AD. Guthnalia, the Cistercierser monastery was established in Roma. • 1173 A.D. The fall of Kiev, the second greatest city in Christendom. • 1194-97 A.D. The Fourth Moloch War, a.k.a. the Second Arkhome War. In 1197, Marie-Claire, Primus of Guernicus, dies in the last battle of the war. • 1198 A.D. Pope Innocent III assumes office. • 1203-04 A.D. The Fourth Crusade captures and sacks Constantinople, the greatest city in Christendom. • 1209 A.D. The Albigensian Crusade ravages the Languedoc. • 1250´s. A.D. Gotlandic traders help Birger Jarl build a new trading place named Stockholm. • 1288 AD. Civil war between Visby and the Gotlandic republic. Visby becomes an independent city republic. • 1313 AD. The Swedish king Birger tries to invade Gotland but is beaten and captured at Röcklinge backar. • 1358 AD. The Hanseatic league is formed. The power balance in the Baltic moves from Gotland to the Hanseatic league. • 1361 AD. Valdemar Atterdag invades Gotland. He accepts a fee for not plundering Visby but plunders heavily on southern Gotland. • 1391 AD. Mecklenburgian pirates create a foothold on Gotland. The 15th century, until Sören Norby leaves Visborgs castle in 1526 to the Danish king, is an unquiet period. From 1530 Gotland becomes a substate ruled by the Danish king. In spite of this the Gotlandic republic continues to be the main force until 1618 when it is illegally abolished by an unlawful decree.